• The most useful academic collocations Part 2

    آبان ۲۶, ۱۳۹۶ نام: حمید ملازاده

    The most useful academic collocations Part 2

    11. Essential component - a vital part of something

     E.g. “We show here that these proteins are an essential component of the cell surface receptor”.

     

    ۱۲٫ Establish a relationship - to prove or show a link between two things

     E.g. “Our aim was to establish the relationship between aortic stiffness and stroke death in hypertensive patients”.

     

    ۱۳٫ Existing research - previous academic work on the same subject

     E.g. “This working paper reviews the existing research evidence about the additional costs or deprivation that disabled people face”.

     

    ۱۴٫ First impression - initial thought on a subject, prior to any detailed analysis

     E.g. “Our first impression was strengthened by the fact that we were aware a condition existed in Povoa de Varzim”.

     

    ۱۵٫ Frequently cited - often quoted or referred to in reference to something

     E.g. “It should be recognized that other systems are frequently cited, particularly in engineering literature”.

     

    ۱۶٫ Fundamental principle - principle from which other principles can be derived

     E.g. “The authors argue for the restoration of beneficence to its place as the fundamental principle of medical ethics”.

     

    ۱۷٫ General consensus - the majority opinion on a topic

     E.g. “There is a general consensus that forward exchange rates have little, if any power as forecasts of future spot exchange rates”.

     

    ۱۸٫ Gain insight - achieve a more profound understanding

     E.g. “Through this comparison we hope to gain insight into the way they perform specific tasks”.

     

    ۱۹٫ Hierarchical structure - a system where elements are subordinate to other elements

    E.g. “After reviewing their theoretical approach, the authors present four kinds of hierarchical structure in music”.

     

    ۲۰٫ Highly controversial - tending to provoke fierce disagreement

     E.g. “A highly controversial issue in financial economies is whether stocks overreact”.

     

  • The most useful academic collocations Part 1

    آبان ۱۶, ۱۳۹۶ نام: حمید ملازاده

    The most useful academic collocations Part 1

    1. Accurate assessment –  correct and precise evaluation of something or someone

     

    E.g. “Accurate assessment of head motion can be a useful tool in clinical studies”.

     

    ۲٫ Address the issue - consider or deal with the matter at hand

     

    E.g. “To help address this issue, we have extended our previous study and examined in detail the…”.

     

    ۳٫ Adversely affect - change in a negative way

     

    E.g. “A literature search was performed to determine whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) adversely affect the healing of stress fractures”.

     

    ۴٫ Become apparent - to be suddenly clear or obvious

     

    E.g. “They become apparent, however, when a new molecular species is introduced into the atmosphere…”.

     

    ۵٫ Brief overview - a non-detailed look at the subject as a whole

     

    E.g. “This paper offers a brief but broad overview of the field of individual of language learning”.

     

    ۶٫ Broad range - of extensive scope

     

    E.g. “The colour produced from this reaction is stable and increases in a proportional fashion over a broad range of increasing protein concentrations”.

     

    ۷٫ Causal link - one thing being responsible for another

     

    E.g. “A causal link between high need for achievement and small business ownership is not found”.

     

    ۸٫ Characteristic feature - a feature which distinguishes or defines something or someone

     

    E.g. “The characteristic feature of the book is the effort to explain the mathematical origins of the most widely used statistical formulas in terms that persons with comparatively little mathematical training can easily follow”.

     

    ۹٫ Deeply rooted - firmly implanted or established

     

    E.g. “This book describes efforts to develop an approach to teaching and teacher education that is deeply rooted in the study of practice”.

     

    ۱۰٫ Detailed analysis - an in-depth study

     

    E.g. “The major difference between my book and others at this level is its coverage of the detailed analysis of experiments”.

     

  • Writing IELTS Task 2 (educating criminals in prison)

    آبان ۱۶, ۱۳۹۶ نام: حمید ملازاده

    Writing IELTS Task 2


    Studies show that criminals get low level of education. Some people believe that the best way to reduce the crime is educating people in prison so they can get a job after leaving prison. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

     

    Education for offenders during imprisonment as a method to reduce the rate of crime has evolved as a major topic of concern in today’s society. While I agree that such a solution is effective to reduce crime, I am convinced that it is far from being the best method and there are many better ways of reducing crime.

    I accept that education for prisoners may contribute to the reduction of the crime rate. The primary reason is that such a form of education could provide offenders with the working skills that are essential when they return to the community. With fortified job prospects, prisoners may therefore earn a living after leaving the prison and are less likely to commit a crime again. Another significant reason is that education could show the offenders that they are still appreciated by society. By this way, they may feel an enhanced sense of humanity and community, and become better citizens after their prison years. These people may then inspire many others in the public to live without crime.

    However, I am firmly of the opinion that education for offenders is not the best solution to reduce crime. This form of education is offered only to those who have committed a crime, and therefore has far less preventive value, compared to other stronger solutions. For example, severe punishments such as longer imprisonment for criminals could deter criminal acts by many people in the public who have the intention to carry out a crime. There are also other educational methods that may have a stronger and more long-lasting impact on the reduction of crime. An excellent example of this is crime education at school, which helps equip students with the necessary knowledge about crime and crime prevention. This measure is undeniably a more sustainable crime-fighting solution than education for criminals.

    To conclude, I firmly believe that although educating prisoners is an effective way to reduce crime, it is not the best solution, as there are more preventive and sustainable measures such as crime education at school and stricter punishments for criminals.

  • writing sample task 2 (Balanced approach)

    خرداد ۲۰, ۱۳۹۶ نام: حمید ملازاده

     writing sample task 2 (Balanced approach)

    Nowadays environmental problems are too big to be managed by individual persons or individual countries. In other words, it is an international problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

     

    There is no cast of shadow that environment-attributed challenges are such big menaces to the whole world, yet the question is whether they ought to be tackled individually or internationally. Although each and every one of us can play a key role to address the issue, global institutions can and should perform a much more crucial duty in this regard.

    As far as individuals are concerned, they should acknowledge the fact that “our planet is our home”, to be more specific regardless of what administrations can do to resolve the matter, the dwellers of every single city and town ought to be required to comply with environmentally-friendly standards in their life one of which is relying on public transportation to commute to curb emission of green house gases as a major source of air pollution. Take Scandinavian states as a case in point where a large proportion of residents either walk or take their bikes both to wander around and go to work. Moreover, these people show no interest in utilizing fossil fuels to keep their houses warm and they have already started to install solar panels on their rooftops to harness solar “green” energy.

    Naturally enough, international organizations namely the United Nations as well as the International Monetary Fund are able to have a much more prominent role via holding global conventions and summits in which representatives of different states participate to express their concerns and coordinate their efforts with other officials and executives bodies, which are definitely prosperous enough to afford exorbitant expenses of conducting universal environmental campaigns. For instance, had it not been for the climate conference in Paris in 2015, none of those 170 states would initiate their anti-global warming schemes whose positive results will be shown in long-run.

    Having considered all the above-mentioned facts, I personally concede not only the public but also the global community must be obliged to take responsibilities to fight against constant environmental threats.

     

    Word count: 360

    Time: 45′

    Hamid Mollazadeh

  • نمونه مقاله آیلتس شماره ۳۰

    تیر ۶, ۱۳۹۵ نام: حمید ملازاده

    نمونه مقاله آیلتس شماره ۳۰

    Advantages and disadvantages of paying taxes, especially by the rich.

     There is no cast of shadow that taxes are the price we pay for the country we love. Taxes are normally charged based on individuals’ income. To be more specific the more people earn, the more taxes they are levied. Not only individuals but also countries as a whole will benefit from such an approach, yet some may suffer from the disadvantages as well.

    To begin with, taxes help governments to keep our streets safe, provide our children and families with free education and health care in addition to promoting welfare services including public transportation. Comparing the states where higher taxes are imposed on those whose income are better with the ones in which tax evasion is commonplace it is clearly evident that taxes can play a significant role in economic and business development. Needless to say, it helps countries thrive in a competitive global economy, Canada is a case in point.

    Furthermore, paying taxes can translate into saving necessary infrastructures and natural resources for the future generations that is our children and grandchildren. Our ancestors paid taxes for what we have today and our taxes today allow us to pass along those benefits to the generations to come. When the public, in particular the rich, are willing to pay taxes, official will be enabled to meet the country’s needs via importing rather that exploiting useful land and minerals such as coal and oil that can be used to increase its wealth in the future.

    With respect to disadvantages, those who pay more taxes may feel discriminated against as some of them are of the opinion that taxes must be levied regardless of income different people generate, which is economically speaking not justifiable as lots of economists believe.

    Having considered all the above-mentioned facts, this conclusion can be drawn that plus points of paying taxes far outweigh its so-called drawbacks.

     

    Word count: 325

    Time: 40′

    Mollazadeh

    Your feedback will be welcomed.

  • نمونه مقاله آیلتس شماره ۲۹

    خرداد ۲۴, ۱۳۹۵ نام: حمید ملازاده

    Environmental problems such as pollution and climate change affect everyone in the world. Although some effects have been made to solve these problems at a global level, few solutions have been found.

     Why have so few global solutions been found to these problems?

     How can these problems be solved?

     Ecological disasters like permanent changes in weather conditions and various sorts of pollutions have started to take their toll long time ago. Despite all desperate efforts to tackle such concerns globally, oddly enough, not so many solutions have been put into practice.

     The reason why small number of solutions have been found to address the key issue lies in two contributing factors the first of which has something to do with people’s lack of awareness regarding such serious threats. To put it simply, a lot of people have neither felt nor been informed about environmental crisis and they have the foggiest idea how formidable the problem is. Take uneducated local poachers who embark on slaughtering endangered species without knowing that the slightest alterations to life cycle can spell major disasters for not only urban but also suburban dwellers.

     Moreover, people’s being engaged with more vital issues including economic concerns has made them too preoccupied to care about environmental challenges. Take African nations who have been suffering from malnutrition for decades due to which they cannot even think about the ecological problems as long as their much-needed requirements are not met.

     To address the issue, a couple of alternatives can be adopted the most effective of which would be taking appropriate measures to boost energy efficiency to use less energy to get the same—or higher—level of production, service, and comfort. Also, not only relying on green transportation, revving up renewables, phasing out fossil fuel energy but also developing and deploying new low-carbon and zero-carbon technologies as well as ensuring sustainable development can result in curbing pollution to some extent.

    To sum up, I personally contend that climate change is and will be an indispensible part of our life as long as people are not fully informed about its drastic consequences. Nevertheless, it is very likely that its negative impacts can be lessened via introducing precautionary measures.

    Time: 45′

    Word count: 300

  • نمونه مقاله آیلتس شماره ۲۸

    خرداد ۲۴, ۱۳۹۵ نام: حمید ملازاده

    Some people say that economic growth is the only way to end world poverty and hunger. Others say that economic growth is damaging the environment and must stop now.

     Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

     Day in day out, we can read or hear something about economic development in newspapers or on TV, yet whether this phenomenon is a blessing or a curse has turned out to be a controversial issue. Despite the fact that some contend economic progress can terminate poverty in the world, others are of the opinion that such prosperity will definitely have detrimental impacts on the environment, so measures should be taken to bring it to a halt.

    On the one hand, those who insist on adopting economic approaches to alleviate poverty in the world, I myself included, opine that the more economic climate prospers, the less concern people will be about economic well-being. To put it simply, what they mean is that economic boom will definitely translate into creating more jobs in the society. An illustration of this is Japan whose unemployment rate stands something in the vicinity of less than 1%, which explains why 99% of its population enjoy having access to fundamental requirement of a living a standard life, including housing, health and entertainment facilities as well as decent education, to name but a few.

     On the flip side, the opponents of developmental activities highlight the adverse effects on the environment that is why they always campaign against the destruction of not only forests but also the natural ecology of the earth. In other words, they claim that as the wheels of economic growth turn around, more fossil fuel has to be burnt, resulting in both air and noise pollution which in turn are hazardous for urban and suburban dwellers. Take China’s capital as an example where loads of people die of heart failures due to the mental and physical pressure they have to tolerate to be economically developed. It is said that If it weren’t because of life-threatening economic projects, they would live a less hectic life.  

     Having considered all the above-mentioned facts, what I personally conclude is that in this world everything comes at a price and environmental degradation is the price we have to pay to ensure economic prosperity. Nonetheless, effective measures can and should be adopted to minimize the possible harmful effects. 

  • نمونه مقاله آیلتس شماره ۲۸

    آبان ۲۳, ۱۳۹۴ نام: حمید ملازاده

    نمونه مقاله آیلتس شماره ۲۸

    Popular events like the football world cup and other international sporting occasions are essential in easing international tensions and releasing patriotic emotions in a safe way. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

     The World Cup football match and the Olympics are held worldwide with great national support and expectations. Fans of those competitions support the idea that sporting events can be necessary for international relations and national unity, yet others believe downsides of such events cannot be ignored.

    From proponents’ perspective, the main advantage associated with the World Cup, Olympics and other international games is easing tensions among different nations. For example, South and North Korea have football games regularly which give two nations a chance to understand each other deeply. In fact, in the mid-1990s, hundreds of North Korean supporters came to South Korea with the footballers and they were very excited during the sporting events. Even if it sounds ridiculous, many South Koreans were quite surprised at that moment when North Koreans shouted and cried during the match. We all realized that they were very normal sports fans even though they were occasionally very secretive. Through the sports, two divided nations could reduce their political and ideological tensions and could feel the patriotic unity.

    On the other hand, critics of the above-mentioned idea concede sports matches can make international relations worse. For instance, football or baseball games between Korea and Japan are always big matches in two countries in which tensions overflow. Sometimes, after the matches, the two rivals blame each other and their patriotic emotions explode in an aggressive way. Even much worse scenario is the troubles caused by losing games that affect the players directly. As far as I know, a couple of Korean players in Japan suffered from invisible discrimination after the match between two countries.

    In conclusion, I think that global sporting occasions can be one of the surest strategies to relieve tensions or to release patriotism safely.

     Analysis

    A. Task response:

    1. This essay has covered all parts of the given topic most probably because the candidate has spent enough time on comprehending the topic before he/she started to write.

    2. The candidate has stated his own opinion definitely regarding the topic.

    3. The central paragraphs of the essay have been supported with a range of techniques like examples

    4. This candidate has applied 280 words, which seems to be professional.

    B. Coherence & cohesion:

    1. The candidate has managed to express his/her position clearly and successfully because of applying correct & appropriate linkers like yet, if, …

    ۲٫ This piece of writing is both coherent (ideas have been arranged logically) & cohesive.

    C. Grammar:

    1. This candidate has used a wide range of structures including conditional, complex sentences, …; more importantly, they are correct which mean the candidate has shown an excellent command of English structures by making mistakes in neither basic nor advanced ones .

    2. The candidate has paid special attention to punctuation.

    D. Vocabulary:

    1. This candidate has used a wide range of appropriate & different words whose collocations are correct, for instance associate, invisible, tension, critic, patriotism, …

    ۲٫ There is no sign of repetitive words or contractions in the essay; also, spelling and capitalization have been taken care of flawlessly.

    Examiner’s final comment:

    Totally, this essay seems good enough to be worthy of IELTS Band 7+ because of the above-mentioned plus points. 

  • نمونه مقاله آیلتس شماره ۲۷

    شهریور ۲, ۱۳۹۴ نام: حمید ملازاده

    Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What can governments do to address these problems? What can individual people do?

     The fact that humans are responsible for a variety of environmental problems is undeniable, but we ought to take steps to reduce the damage that we are causing to the planet. Two of the biggest threats to the environment are air pollution and waste. Gas emissions from factories and exhaust fumes from vehicles lead to global warming, which may have a devastating effect on the planet in the future. As the human population increases, we are also producing ever greater quantities of rubbish, which contaminates the earth and pollutes rivers and oceans.

    Governments are certainly capable of making more contribution to reduce air pollution. They can introduce laws to limit emissions from factories or to force companies to use renewable energy from solar, wind or water power. They could also impose ‘green taxes’ on drivers and airline companies to erase their carbon foot print. In this way, people would be encouraged to use public transport more and to take fewer flights abroad, therefore reducing emissions whose result would be a cleaner environment.

    Individuals should also take responsibility for the impact they have on the environment. They can carpool rather than taking their cars to their workplace every day. Take my friend and I as an example, although we have our own cars, we give each other a ride every other day not to pollute the air. We can also choose products with less packaging, and recycle as much as possible. For instance, supermarkets from which I purchase my requirements now provide reusable bags for shoppers; also, recyclable plastic and paper glasses are available in lots of places nowadays.

    In conclusion, both national governments and individuals must play their part in taking care of the environment through reusing and avoiding unnecessary plane trips.

     Analysis

    A. Task response:

    1. This essay has covered all parts of the given topic most probably because the candidate has spent enough time on comprehending the topic before he/she started to write.

    2. The candidate has stated his own opinion definitely regarding the topic.

    3. The central paragraphs of the essay have been supported with a range of techniques such as examples

    4. This candidate has applied 270 words, which is good enough.

    B. Coherence & cohesion:

    1. The candidate has managed to express his/her position clearly and successfully because of applying correct & appropriate linkers like although, which, as, but, …

    ۲٫ This piece of writing is both coherent (ideas have been arranged logically) & cohesive.

    C. Grammar:

    1. This candidate has used a wide range of structures including compound and complex sentences, …; more importantly, they are correct which mean the candidate has shown an excellent command of English structures by making mistakes in neither basic ones nor  advanced ones .

    2. The candidate has paid special attention to punctuation.

    D. Vocabulary:

    1. This candidate has used a wide range of appropriate & different words whose collocations are correct, for instance emission, carpool, contaminating, devastating, renewable, …

    ۲٫ There is no sign of repetitive words or contractions in the essay; also, spelling and capitalization have been taken care of flawlessly.

     Examiner’s final comment:

     Totally, this essay seems good enough to be worthy of IELTS Band 7 because of the above-mentioned plus points. 

  • نمونه مقاله آیلتس شماره ۲۶

    مرداد ۹, ۱۳۹۴ نام: حمید ملازاده

    Some say that the Internet is making the world smaller by bringing people together. To what extent do to you agree that the Internet is making it easier for people to communicate with one another?

     There is no cast of shadow that with the help of the World Wide Web we can do things that some years ago we could just see them in fiction movies. Although some people support the idea that the Internet has facilitated our communication, others argue its demerits should not be forgotten.

    Not surprisingly electronic mail, instant messages, gadgets such as web cameras and microphones as well as cutting-edge technologies including video conferencing have made the presence of the other person more real. Who knows; with the help of visual reality you might even get a 3-D image of the speaker! I believe that the Internet is one the best inventions of the last century, you can hardly get to miss anyone and nobody is really out of reach. For instance, you could not keep in touch with your friends and would not be able to do your work from your bedroom in your pajamas if it weren’t because of the internet.

    However, the internet can also be a major source of harassment. Spammers and hackers can invade your privacy and get personal/confidential information, which otherwise they will never get access to. You are never out of anybody’s reach, unless you make a conscious decision of not checking your email, there can be always more work waiting for you in your inbox and you might never have a moment to yourself. Worse yet, if you were a workaholic, you might never experience that stress-free vacation ever again in your life – take my older brother as an example who has his mobile workplace with him at all times.

    In conclusion, I myself occasionally look forward to getting a letter in the snail mail, for the Internet gives me all what I dream of in terms of communication – the speed, reliability, and convenience of time and place. I can certainly tolerate its shortcomings any day, as long as it keeps me close to my loved ones.

     Analysis

    A. Task response:

    1. This essay has covered all parts of the given topic most probably because the candidate has spent enough time on comprehending the topic before he/she started to write.

    2. The candidate has stated his own opinion definitely regarding the topic.

    3. The central paragraphs of the essay have been supported with a range of techniques like examples

    4. This candidate has applied 340 words, which has far exceeded the mentioned standard

    B. Coherence & cohesion:

    1. The candidate has managed to express his/her position clearly and successfully because of applying correct & appropriate linkers like although, not surprisingly, however, unless, ….

    ۲٫ This piece of writing is both coherent & cohesive.

    C. Grammar:

    1. This candidate has used a wide range of structures including conditionals, noun clauses, adjective clause,…; more importantly, they are correct which mean the candidate has shown an excellent command of English structures by making mistakes in neither basic ones nor advanced ones .

    2. The candidate has paid special attention to punctuation.

    D. Vocabulary:

    1. This candidate has used a wide range of appropriate & different words whose collocations are correct, for instance demerit, gadget, cutting-edge,…

    ۲٫ There is no sign of repetitive words or contractions in the essay; also, spelling and capitalization have been taken care of flawlessly.

     Examiner’s final comment:

    Totally, this essay seems good enough to be worthy of IELTS Band 7.5 because of the above-mentioned plus points. 

     

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